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tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation value of at least 60 mm - and may also be referred to as ''lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest''. They rarely extend more than 10 degrees north or south of the equator are a sub-set of the tropical forest biome type that occurs roughly within the 28 degree latitudes (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are a type of tropical moist broadleaf forest (or tropical wet forest) that also includes tropical seasonal forests.〔
==Overview==
Tropical rainforests can be characterized in two words: hot and wet. Mean monthly temperatures exceed during all months of the year.〔Woodward, Susan. (Tropical broadleaf Evergreen Forest: The rainforest. ) Retrieved on 14 March 2009.〕 Average annual rainfall is no less than and can exceed although it typically lies between and . This high level of precipitation often results in poor soils due to leaching of soluble nutrients in the ground.
Tropical rainforests exhibit high levels of biodiversity. Around 40% to 75% of all biotic species are indigenous to the rainforests.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Rainforests.net – Variables and Math )〕 Rainforests are home to half of all the living animal and plant species on the planet.〔The Regents of the University of Michigan. (The Tropical Rain Forest. ) Retrieved on 14 March 2008.〕 Two-thirds of all flowering plants can be found in rainforests.〔 A single hectare of rainforest may contain 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.〔 Tropical rainforests have been called the "world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered within them.〔(Rainforests ). Animalcorner.co.uk (1 January 2004). Retrieved on 28 March 2013.〕〔(The bite that heals )〕 It is likely that there may be many millions of species of plants, insects and microorganisms still undiscovered in tropical rainforests.
Tropical rainforests are among the most threatened ecosystems globally due to large-scale fragmentation as a result of human activity. Habitat fragmentation caused by geological processes such as volcanism and climate change occurred in the past, and have been identified as important drivers of speciation. However, fast human driven habitat destruction is suspected to be one of the major causes of species extinction. Tropical rain forests have been subjected to heavy logging and agricultural clearance throughout the 20th century, and the area covered by rainforests around the world is rapidly shrinking.〔(Brazil: Deforestation rises sharply as farmers push into Amazon ), The Guardian, 1 September 2008〕〔(China is black hole of Asia's deforestation ), Asia News, 24 March 2008〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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